日期精度：到日 14 篇 · 到月 0 篇 · 到年 0 篇
对Farewell等致谢议案的提议及《组合回归》的讨论
Stijn Vansteelandt; Proposer of the vote of thanks to Farewell et al. and contribution to the Discussion of ‘Regression by composition’, Journal of the Roy
用平均导数效应参数化连续处理的影响
Summary The average treatment effect is commonly used to quantify the main effect of a binary treatment on an outcome. Extensions to continuous treatments are usually based on the dose-response curve or shift interventions, but both require strong overlap conditions, and the resulting curves may be difficult to summarize. This article focuses instead on average derivative effects, which are scalar estimands related to infinitesimal shift interventions requiring only local…
删失事件时间数据中因果净获益的去偏学习
Summary Cox regression is the default approach to evaluating the (relative) effect of two treatments on a survival endpoint. This standard framework has nonetheless been criticized for its canonical effect measure, the hazard ratio, having a subtle interpretation, thereby hindering policy-making. This in turn has prompted interest in other effects measures, such as the difference in restricted mean survival time, the net benefit and the win ratio, which have become…
弱模型假设下的Cox回归
Inference for the conditional association between an exposure and a time-to-event endpoint, given covariates, is routinely based on partial likelihood estimators for hazard ratios indexing Cox proportional hazards models. This approach is flexible and makes testing straightforward, but is nonetheless not entirely satisfactory. First, there is no good understanding of what it infers when the model is misspecified. Second, it is common to employ variable selection procedures…
拒绝潜在因子模型结构解释的统计检验
Abstract Factor analysis is often used to assess whether a single univariate latent variable is sufficient to explain most of the covariance among a set of indicators for some underlying construct. When evidence suggests that a single factor is adequate, research often proceeds by using a univariate summary of the indicators in subsequent research. Implicit in such practices is the assumption that it is the underlying latent, rather than the indicators, that is causally…
广义线性模型参数的弱假设推断
Abstract Inference for the parameters indexing generalised linear models is routinely based on the assumption that the model is correct and a priori specified. This is unsatisfactory because the chosen model is usually the result of a data-adaptive model selection process, which may induce excess uncertainty that is not usually acknowledged. Moreover, the assumptions encoded in the chosen model rarely represent some a priori known, ground truth, making standard inferences…
可能误设的高维模型中处理效应参数的推断
Summary Eliminating the effect of confounding in observational studies typically involves fitting a model for an outcome adjusted for covariates. When, as often, these covariates are high-dimensional, this necessitates the use of sparse estimators, such as the lasso, or other regularization approaches. Naïve use of such estimators yields confidence intervals for the conditional treatment effect parameter that are not uniformly valid. Moreover, as the number of covariates…
对 Kallus 及 Mo、Qi、Liu 的讨论：政策学习的新目标
One of the key contributions that the causal inference literature has brought is a focus on clearly defined estimands. This focus has led to a real shift in the statistical approach (see, e.g., Dan...
偏差缩减的双重稳健估计
Over the past decade, doubly robust estimators have been proposed for a variety of target parameters in causal inference and missing data models. These are asymptotically unbiased when at least one of two nuisance working models is correctly specified, regardless of which. While their asymptotic distribution is not affected by the choice of root-n consistent estimators of the nuisance parameters indexing these working models when all working models are correctly specified,…
充分原因交互作用的半参数检验
Summary A sufficient cause interaction between two exposures signals the presence of individuals for whom the outcome would occur only under certain values of the two exposures. When the outcome is dichotomous and all exposures are categorical, then, under certain no confounding assumptions, empirical conditions for sufficient cause interactions can be constructed on the basis of the sign of linear contrasts of conditional outcome probabilities between differently exposed…
使用Aalen加性风险模型估计生存数据的直接效应
Summary We extend the definition of the controlled direct effect of a point exposure on a survival outcome, other than through some given, time-fixed intermediate variable, to the additive hazard scale. We propose two-stage estimators for this effect when the exposure is dichotomous and randomly assigned and when the association between the intermediate variable and the survival outcome is confounded only by measured factors, which may themselves be affected by the exposure.…
统计交互作用的多重稳健推断
A primary focus of an increasing number of scientific studies is to determine whether two exposures interact in the effect that they produce on an outcome of interest. Interaction is commonly assessed by fitting regression models in which the linear predictor includes the product between those exposures. When the main interest lies in the interaction, this approach is not entirely satisfactory because it is prone to (possibly severe) bias when the main exposure effects or…
受控直接效应的估计
Summary When regression models adjust for mediators on the causal path from exposure to outcome, the regression coefficient of exposure is commonly viewed as a measure of the direct exposure effect. This interpretation can be misleading, even with a randomly assigned exposure. This is because adjustment for post-exposure measurements introduces bias whenever their association with the outcome is confounded by more than just the exposure. By the same token, adjustment for…