Is the Washington Consensus Dead? Growth, Openness, and the Great Liberalization, 1970s–2000s
华盛顿共识已死？增长、开放与1970至2000年代的大自由化
Abstract According to the Washington Consensus, developing countries' growth would benefit from reductions in barriers to trade. However, the empirical basis for judging trade reforms is weak. Econometrics are mostly ad hoc, results are typically not judged against models, policies are poorly measured, and most studies are based on pre-1990 experience. We address these concerns by employing a model with capital and intermediate goods, compiling new disaggregated tariff…