Firm Concentration and Job Design: The Case of Schedule Flexible Work Arrangements
Abstract We study how employer concentration affects job design, focusing on schedule flexibility as a non-wage job attribute. Using the full text of 46 million UK job vacancies from 2014–2019, we construct new measures of flexible work arrangements using supervised machine learning and large-language-model—assisted annotations. Adopting an instrumental variable strategy using a Bartik-style prediction of the change in employer concentration based on nationwide hiring…