Higher-Order Allan Variance for Atomic Clocks of Arbitrary Order: Mathematical Foundation
任意阶原子钟模型的高阶 Allan 方差:数学基础
In this paper, we perform a time-domain analysis of the higher-order Allan variance for atomic clock models of arbitrary order. Adopting a standard atomic clock model where the time series of the clock reading deviation is expressed as a Wiener or integrated Wiener process, we define the higher-order Allan variance as the mean squared higher-order difference of the clock reading deviation. The main results of this paper are threefold. First, we prove that the higher-order…