Adaptive discovery of effect modification in matched observational studies
匹配观察研究中效应修饰的自适应发现
Understanding effect modification -- how treatment effects vary across subpopulations -- is practically important in observational studies, as it helps identify which subgroups are likely to benefit from a given treatment. In this paper, we study the discovery of effect modification in matched observational studies, where each treated unit may be matched to multiple controls. We develop a finite-sample valid procedure for identifying and selecting covariate-interpretable…