A subgroup-aware scoring approach to the study of effect modification in observational studies
观察研究中效应修饰的子群感知评分方法
Effect modification means the size of a treatment effect varies with an observed covariate. Generally speaking, a larger treatment effect with more stable error terms is less sensitive to bias. Thus, we might be able to conclude that a study is less sensitive to unmeasured bias by using these subgroups experiencing larger treatment effects. Lee et al. (2018) proposed the submax method that leverages the joint distribution of test statistics from subgroups to draw a firmer…