Marginal Interventional Effects
边际干预效应
Conventional causal estimands, such as the average treatment effect (ATE), capture how the mean outcome in a population or subpopulation would change if all units were assigned to treatment versus control. Real-world policy changes, however, are often incremental, changing treatment status for only a small segment of the population -- those at or near the "margin of participation." To formalize this idea, two parallel literatures in economics and in statistics and…