Earth and space observations meet complex algebras: from complex to octonions for multivariate autoregressive time series analysis
从复数到八元数:地球与空间观测的多元自回归时间序列分析
Many datasets arise as multivariate time series observed at irregular time intervals, particularly in Earth observation and astronomical measurements. Classical time-series models assume that time is discrete and observations occur at equally spaced intervals, limiting their ability to capture dynamics when observation gaps vary. Existing approaches to irregular sampling rely on continuous-time formulations, which assume that observation intervals are sufficiently small. We…