Causal Small Area Estimation with Survey-only Covariates
利用仅调查可得协变量进行因果小区域估计
Area-specific causal inference is important in many policy and survey applications, where the goal is to evaluate treatment effects for small geographic or demographic domains. Existing causal small area estimation methods, however, typically rely on a strong data requirement that treatment status is observed for all units in the population. This assumption is often unrealistic in practical survey settings, where both treatment and outcome variables are observed only for…