Causal Inference for All: Marginal Estimands for Outcomes Truncated by Death
面向全体人群的因果推断:死亡截断结局的边际估计目标
In longitudinal studies, outcomes of interest are often truncated by death, meaning that they are only observed or well-defined conditional on intercurrent events such as survival. Existing strategies face a trade-off: causally interpretable estimands, such as survivor average causal effects, target a latent subgroup, whereas while-alive and composite summaries apply to the full population but are difficult to interpret as causal effects on the non-mortality outcome. We…