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随机试验中疫苗效应的非参数界AI 解读

Vaccine randomized trials are typically designed to be blinded, ensuring that the estimated vaccine efficacy (VE) reflects the immunological effect of the vaccine. When blinding is broken, however, the estimated VE reflects not only the immunological effect but also behavioral effects stemming from participants' awareness of their treatment status. Recent work has proposed alternative causal estimands to the standard VE to address this issue, but their point identification…

随机与观测研究中因果风险率比的敏感性分析AI 解读

The Hazard Ratio (HR) is often reported as the main causal effect when studying survival data. Despite its popularity, the HR suffers from an unclear causal interpretation. As already pointed out in the literature, there is a built-in selection bias in the HR, because similarly to the truncation by death problem, the HR conditions on post-treatment survival. A recently proposed alternative, inspired by the Survivor Average Causal Effect (SACE), is the causal HR, defined as…