Debiasing hazard-based, time-varying vaccine effects using vaccine-irrelevant infections: An observational extension of a pivotal Phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trial
利用疫苗无关感染去偏随时间变化的风险率型疫苗效应
Understanding how vaccine effectiveness (VE) changes over time can provide evidence-based guidance for public health decision making. While commonly reported by practitioners, time-varying VE estimates obtained using Cox regression are vul- nerable to hidden biases. To address these limitations, we describe how to leverage vaccine-irrelevant infections to identify hazard-based, time-varying VE in the pres- ence of unmeasured confounding and selection bias. We articulate…