Integrating Randomized Controlled Trial and External Control Data Using Balancing Weights: A Comparison of Estimands and Estimators
用平衡权重整合随机试验与外部对照数据:估计目标与估计量比较
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) face inherent limitations, such as ethical or resource constraints, which lead to a limited number of study participants. To address these limitations, recent research endeavors have sought to incorporate external control (EC) data, such as historical trial data or real-world data, with RCT data in treatment effect evaluation. This integration introduces unique questions regarding target population specification, causal estimand, and…