Targeted learning in observational studies with multi-valued treatments: An evaluation of antipsychotic drug treatment safety
多值处理观察性研究中的目标学习:抗精神病药物治疗安全性评估
We investigate estimation of causal effects of multiple competing (multi-valued) treatments in the absence of randomization. Our work is motivated by an intention-to-treat study of the relative cardiometabolic risk of assignment to one of six commonly prescribed antipsychotic drugs in a cohort of nearly 39,000 adults with serious mental illnesses. Doubly-robust estimators, such as targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE), require correct specification of either the…