An information metric for comparing and assessing informative interim decisions in sequential clinical trials
比较与评估序贯临床试验中信息性中期决策的信息度量
Group sequential designs enable interim analyses and potential early stopping for efficacy or futility. While these adaptations improve trial efficiency and ethical considerations, they also introduce bias into the adapted analyses. We demonstrate how failing to account for informative interim decisions in the analysis can substantially affect posterior estimates of the treatment effect, often resulting in overly optimistic credible intervals aligned with the stopping…