Treatment effect estimation by comparing observed and predicted outcomes: conditions for valid inference and practical illustration
比较观测与预测结果估计处理效应:有效推断条件与实践示例
Prediction models developed before the introduction of a new treatment may be used to estimate treatment effects of newly introduced treatments. One approach, known as model-based clinical evaluation in radiotherapy, does this by comparing observed outcomes under a new treatment with predicted outcomes had these patients received the standard treatment. This article clarifies the relevant conditions needed for valid average treatment effect estimation using this approach,…