Surrogacy Validation for Time-to-Event Outcomes with Illness-Death Frailty Models
利用疾病—死亡脆弱性模型验证事件时间结局的替代终点
A common practice in clinical trials is to evaluate a treatment effect on an intermediate endpoint when the true outcome of interest would be difficult or costly to measure. We consider how to validate intermediate endpoints in a causally-valid way when the trial outcomes are time-to-event. Using counterfactual outcomes, those that would be observed if the counterfactual treatment had been given, the causal association paradigm assesses the relationship of the treatment…