Homeopathic Modernization and the Middle Science Trap: conceptual context of ergonomics, econometrics and logic of some national scientific case
微剂量现代化与中等科学陷阱:国家科学体系的概念分析
This article analyses the structural and institutional barriers hindering the development of scientific systems in transition economies, such as Kazakhstan. The main focus is on the concept of the "middle science trap," which is characterized by steady growth in quantitative indicators (publications, grants) but a lack of qualitative advancement. Excessive bureaucracy, weak integration into the international scientific community, and ineffective science management are key…