Using binary silver labels in electronic health records-based computable phenotyping algorithms
在电子健康记录表型算法中使用二元银标签
Gold-standard phenotype labels are often unavailable at scale in electronic health record (EHR) studies because they require manual chart review. Weakly supervised phenotyping methods instead use silver-standard labels, such as diagnosis-code counts, natural language processing (NLP) mentions, medication indicators, or laboratory thresholds. PheNorm is widely used for this purpose, but its original formulation was designed for count-valued silver labels and relies on log…