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空间场景下设计型推断中的结果建模AI 解读

In the face of spatial interference, researchers are often interested in estimating treatment effects at specific points located in space. Wang et al. (2025) and Pollmann (2023) provide design-based frameworks for estimating spillover effects on points located across a range of distances from interventions. Although these frameworks are design-based, we show their proposed estimands rely on outcomes that are directly unobservable and therefore, require outcome modeling. When…

加权推断：不同估计目标与重抽样机制下的残差化区间AI 解读

Weighting procedures are used in observational causal inference to adjust for covariate imbalance within the sample. Common practice for inference is to estimate robust standard errors from a weighted regression of outcome on treatment. However, it is well known that weighting can inflate variance estimates, sometimes significantly, leading to standard errors and confidence intervals that are overly conservative. We instead examine and recommend the use of robust standard…