Orthogonality and Dimensionality in Airline Cluster Analysis using PCA and Kernel PCA
航空业聚类分析中的正交性与维度:PCA 和核 PCA 的比较
This methodological study analyzes the effects of collinearity, effective dimensionality, and cluster stability in a 2023 study of US airline profit cycles from 1995 to 2020 by Renold et al., which uses k-means clustering, principal component analysis, and system dynamic modelling.We replicate their clustering experiment in three spaces -- the original 7-dim. raw-variable space, a 3-dim. PC score space, and a 4-dim. PC score space using their dataset. We show that the…