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本页整理公开书目信息,不生成学术质量评分。AI 解读根据题名及所注明的摘要或原文片段生成,未完成全文核验,可能有误;具体假设、证明与结论请核对原文。摘要保留来源文本,未经模型改写。

DOI 首次登记不等于接收或发表日期。部分更正、评论等条目没有独立摘要;缺少可靠材料时保留待补状态。

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分类依据与纠错

AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接研究观察数据匹配、治疗效应、重叠与目标人群限制,属于因果推断方向。

反馈分类问题

正在核对关联版本…

代码、数据与补充材料

正在核对对应版本的资源…

关注这篇论文的作者
Keming Hu
Yingpei He

质心参照马氏匹配:大规模观察研究的因果推断框架

研究问题
大规模观察研究如何降低匹配计算成本,同时识别重叠不足造成的目标人群变化,并区分支持限制与容量导致的样本排除?
方法与思路
作者将协变量映射为相对处理组质心的马氏距离和组间均值差方向的 Fisher 坐标,在二维表示中分层抽样并分解误差来源。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要将贡献定位于可扩展计算和显式支持诊断,给出复杂度及条件性误差界;大规模案例表现较好,部分中等规模基准更优。
阅读关注点
应核对二维表示充分性的额外假设、支持不足比例与目标效应差距的关系,以及单元容量、保留率和协变量平衡的取舍。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审与期刊接收未核实;原协变量上的可忽略性不保证表示充分性,摘要也不支持普遍有限样本优势。

原文摘要

Matching for causal inference can be computationally expensive at scale and can silently change the target population when overlap is limited. We propose Centroid-Referenced Mahalanobis Matching (CRM), which replaces global pairwise search with stratified sampling in two reference coordinates: each unit's Mahalanobis distance from the treated centroid and its Fisher coordinate along the treated-control mean shift. All covariates enter through the treated covariance geometry; CRM is therefore not principal-component preprocessing followed by nearest-neighbor matching. For $n$ units and $p$ pretreatment covariates, its implemented cost is $O(np^2+p^3+n\log n)$, simplifying to $O(np^2+n\log n)$ when $n \ge p$. We derive an error decomposition separating representation, support, discretization, and stochastic components. A pre-matching shortage fraction $\hatπ$ estimates the population support restriction $π$, which enters a gap bound under bounded treatment-effect heterogeneity. Final retention is reported separately for capacity-driven exclusions. Under representation sufficiency, smoothness, and adequate cell capacity, CRM has a conservative two-dimensional histogram mean-squared-error bound $O(n_T^{-1/2})$; representation sufficiency is an additional assumption, not a consequence of ignorability given the original covariates. On Criteo, CRM retains at least 99.4% of treated units, has lower MaxSMD than corrected propensity-score matching in 31 of 36 large-scale configurations, and is roughly an order of magnitude faster. Moderate-size simulations favor some pairwise and weighting baselines on balance, locating CRM's contribution in scalability and explicit support diagnostics rather than universal finite-sample dominance.

笔记与分组