Bagged Martingale Posteriors: Calibrated Uncertainty Quantification for Predictive Resampling
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Martingale posteriors and related predictive resampling methods replace the likelihood--prior pair used within Bayesian inference with a predictive model for future observations. These methods are simple to implement and increasingly popular due to their computational efficiency, but little is known about their ability to accurately quantify uncertainty. In this work, we study the concentration and calibration properties of the martingale posterior for general functionals, and show that credible sets can systematically undercover if the predictive algorithms are not carefully tuned. We propose a simple remedy: the bagged martingale posterior. Rather than starting every predictive path from the observed sample, we start the paths from random bootstrap resamples of the data and then amalgamate the resulting draws. Critically, this approach incurs no additional {simulation} cost compared to standard predictive resampling, and delivers conservatively calibrated credible sets. This scalability enables application to a range of challenging examples, including sparse high-dimensional regression and nonparametric conditional quantile models.
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Abstract Quantile estimation and regression within the Bayesian framework is challenging as the choice of likelihood and prior is not obvious. In this paper, we introduce a novel Bayesian nonparametric method for quantile estimation and regression based on the recently introduced martingale posterior (MP) framework. The core idea of the MP is that posterior sampling is equivalent to predictive imputation, which allows us to break free of the stringent likelihood-prior…