Automatic Debiased Machine Learning of Structural Parameters with General Conditional Moments
一般条件矩下结构参数的自动去偏机器学习AI 解读 ↓
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一般条件矩下结构参数的自动去偏机器学习AI 解读 ↓
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This paper proposes a method to automatically construct or estimate Neyman-orthogonal moments in general models defined by a finite number of conditional moment restrictions (CMRs), with possibly different conditioning variables and endogenous regressors. CMRs are allowed to depend on non-parametric components, which might be flexibly modeled using Machine Learning tools, and non-linearly on finite-dimensional parameters. The key step in this construction is the estimation of Orthogonal Instrumental Variables (OR-IVs) -- "residualized" functions of the conditioning variables, which are then combined to obtain a debiased moment. We argue that computing OR-IVs necessarily requires solving potentially complicated functional equations, which depend on unknown terms. However, by imposing an approximate sparsity condition, our method finds the solutions to those equations using a Lasso-type program and can then be implemented straightforwardly. Based on this, we introduce a GMM estimator of finite-dimensional parameters (structural parameters) in a two-step framework. We derive theoretical guarantees for our construction of OR-IVs and show $\sqrt{n}$-consistency and asymptotic normality for the estimator of the structural parameters. Our Monte Carlo experiments and an empirical application on estimating firm-level production functions highlight the importance of relying on inference methods like the one proposed.
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We propose a method to debias estimators based on U-statistics with machine-learning (ML) first steps. Standard plug-in estimators often suffer from regularization and model-selection biases, leading to invalid inference. We characterize orthogonal adjustment terms for two-step U-statistics, construct Debiased Machine Learning (DML) U-estimators, develop a cross-fitting algorithm, and establish a general asymptotic theory for inference with ML first steps. We illustrate the…
非参数工具变量估计泛函推断的惩罚 GMM 框架
This paper develops a penalized GMM (PGMM) framework for automatic debiased inference on functionals of nonparametric instrumental variable estimators. We derive convergence rates for the PGMM estimator and provide conditions for root-n consistency and asymptotic normality of debiased functional estimates, covering both linear and nonlinear functionals. Monte Carlo experiments on average derivative show that the PGMM-based debiased estimator performs on par with the…
多弱工具变量下的非参数工具变量推断
We study inference on linear functionals in the nonparametric instrumental variable (NPIV) problem with a discretely-valued instrument under a many-weak-instruments asymptotic regime, where the number of instrument values grows with the sample size. A key motivating example is estimating long-term causal effects in a new experiment with only short-term outcomes, using past experiments to instrument for the effect of short- on long-term outcomes. Here, the assignment to a…
半参数与非参数条件矩模型的筛 Wald 和 QLR 推断
This paper considers inference on functionals of semi/nonparametric conditional moment restrictions with possibly nonsmooth generalized residuals, which include all of the (nonlinear) nonparametric instrumental variables (IV) as special cases. These models are often ill-posed and hence it is difficult to verify whether a (possibly nonlinear) functional is root-$n$ estimable or not. We provide computationally simple, unified inference procedures that are asymptotically valid…
广义残差可能不光滑的非参数条件矩模型估计
This paper studies nonparametric estimation of conditional moment restrictions in which the generalized residual functions can be nonsmooth in the unknown functions of endogenous variables. This is a nonparametric nonlinear instrumental variables (IV) problem. We propose a class of penalized sieve minimum distance (PSMD) estimators, which are minimizers of a penalized empirical minimum distance criterion over a collection of sieve spaces that are dense in the…
非参数工具变量回归中的惩罚识别与估计
The nonparametric estimation of a regression function from conditional moment restrictions involving instrumental variables is considered. The rate of convergence of penalized estimators is studied in the case where the regression function is not identified from the conditional moment restriction. We also study the gain of modifying the penalty in the estimation, considering derivatives in the penalty. We analyze the effect of this modification on the identification of the…