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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要直接围绕平均处理效应、混杂调整和双重稳健估计展开,因此归入因果推断,神经网络本身不构成额外分类。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Mehdi Rostami
Olli Saarela

结合神经网络预测的归一化增广逆概率加权

研究问题
以神经网络估计处理与结局模型时,缺乏正则化会如何影响平均处理效应估计,归一化加权能否改善其表现?
方法与思路
作者提出归一化 AIPW,将第一阶段预测代入处理效应估计,并通过模拟比较不同神经网络正则化程度下的偏差与方差。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称,归一化估计保留双重稳健性和正交性,满足第一阶段收敛及正则条件时渐近正态,并在部分场景中有所帮助。
阅读关注点
应核对归一化公式、渐近正态所需收敛条件,以及神经网络正则化、极端权重和样本划分如何影响比较结果。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审及期刊接收均未核实;摘要未列出完整正则条件,也未支持归一化方法普遍优于 AIPW。

原文摘要

The estimation of Average Treatment Effect (ATE) as a causal parameter is carried out in two steps, where in the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled to incorporate the potential confounders, and in the second step, the predictions are inserted into the ATE estimators such as the Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW) estimator. Due to the concerns regarding the nonlinear or unknown relationships between confounders and the treatment and outcome, there has been an interest in applying non-parametric methods such as Machine Learning (ML) algorithms instead. Some literature proposes to use two separate Neural Networks (NNs) where there's no regularization on the network's parameters except the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) in the NN's optimization. Our simulations indicate that the AIPW estimator suffers extensively if no regularization is utilized. We propose the normalization of AIPW (referred to as nAIPW) which can be helpful in some scenarios. nAIPW, provably, has the same properties as AIPW, that is, the double-robustness and orthogonality properties. Further, if the first step algorithms converge fast enough, under regulatory conditions, nAIPW will be asymptotically normal. We also compare the performance of AIPW and nAIPW in terms of the bias and variance when small to moderate L1 regularization is imposed on the NNs.

笔记与分组