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AI 根据所提供的论文材料归类:摘要明确研究观测数据中的条件平均处理效应及其异质性估计,正则化策略服务于因果效应学习。

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关注这篇论文的作者
Zhongyuan Liang
Lars van der Laan
Ahmed Alaa

估计异质性处理效应的混合元学习器

研究问题
观测数据中的条件平均处理效应估计,如何根据潜在结果函数与效应函数的复杂程度,协调直接和间接正则化?
方法与思路
作者提出 H-learner,通过学习差值接近条件平均处理效应的中间函数,在直接效应正则化与潜在结果正则化之间插值。
材料陈述的贡献
摘要称允许潜在结果拟合不充分可改善效应估计的偏差方差权衡,所用基准实验显示该方法处于性能的帕累托前沿。
阅读关注点
核对混合程度如何由数据确定、中间函数的优化目标,以及实验比较是否采用一致调参并覆盖不同函数复杂度。
阅读边界
这是 arXiv 预印本,同行评审与期刊接收未获核实;摘要未说明识别假设或具体误差保证,基准表现不能外推为普遍优势。

原文摘要

Estimating conditional average treatment effects (CATE) from observational data involves modeling decisions that differ from supervised learning, particularly concerning how to regularize model complexity. Previous approaches can be grouped into two primary "meta-learner" paradigms that impose distinct inductive biases. Indirect meta-learners first fit and regularize separate potential outcome (PO) models and then estimate CATE by taking their difference, whereas direct meta-learners construct and directly regularize estimators for the CATE function itself. Neither approach consistently outperforms the other across all scenarios: indirect learners perform well when the PO functions are simple, while direct learners outperform when the CATE is simpler than individual PO functions. In this paper, we introduce the Hybrid Learner (H-learner), a novel regularization strategy that interpolates between the direct and indirect regularizations depending on the dataset at hand. The H-learner achieves this by learning intermediate functions whose difference closely approximates the CATE without necessarily requiring accurate individual approximations of the POs themselves. We demonstrate that intentionally allowing suboptimal fits to the POs improves the bias-variance tradeoff in estimating CATE. Experiments conducted on semi-synthetic and real-world benchmark datasets illustrate that the H-learner consistently operates at the Pareto frontier, effectively combining the strengths of both direct and indirect meta-learners.

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