On a Debiased and Semiparametric Efficient Changes-in-Changes Estimator
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We present a novel extension of the influential changes-in-changes (CiC) framework of Athey and Imbens (2006) for estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and distributional causal effects in panel data with unmeasured confounding. While CiC relaxes the parallel trends assumption in difference-in-differences (DiD), existing methods typically assume a scalar unobserved confounder and monotonic outcome relationships, and lack inference tools that accommodate continuous covariates flexibly. Motivated by empirical settings with complex confounding and rich covariate information, we make two main contributions. First, we establish nonparametric identification under relaxed assumptions that allow high-dimensional, non-monotonic unmeasured confounding. Second, we derive semiparametrically efficient estimators that are Neyman orthogonal to infinite-dimensional nuisance parameters, enabling valid inference even with machine learning-based estimation of nuisance components. We illustrate the utility of our approach in an empirical analysis of mass shootings and U.S. electoral outcomes, where key confounders, such as political mobilization or local gun culture, are typically unobserved and challenging to quantify.
非可分面板模型中的平均效应与分位数效应
Nonseparable panel models are important in a variety of economic settings, including discrete choice. This paper gives identification and estimation results for nonseparable models under time homogeneity conditions that are like "time is randomly assigned" or "time is an instrument." Partial identification results for average and quantile effects are given for discrete regressors, under static or dynamic conditions, in fully nonparametric and in semiparametric models, with…
非可分面板模型中的平均效应与分位数效应
Nonseparable panel models are important in a variety of economic settings, including discrete choice. This paper gives identification and estimation results for nonseparable models under time-homogeneity conditions that are like “time is randomly assigned” or “time is an instrument.” Partial-identification results for average and quantile effects are given for discrete regressors, under static or dynamic conditions, in fully nonparametric and in semiparametric models, with…
高维混杂下纵向数据的异质性分位数处理效应估计(第二版)
Causal inference plays a fundamental role in various real-world applications. However, in the motivating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) study, it is challenging to estimate the treatment effect of chemotherapy on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). First, the heterogeneous treatment effects vary across patient subgroups defined by baseline characteristics. Second, there exists a broad set of demographic, clinical and molecular variables act as potential confounders. Third,…
基于随机森林的分位数控制法
This paper studies robust inference procedure for treatment effects in panel data with flexible relationship across units via the random forest method. The key contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we propose a direct construction of prediction intervals for the treatment effect by exploiting the information of the joint distribution of the cross-sectional units using random forest. In particular, we propose a Quantile Control Method (QCM) using the Quantile Random…
具有广义固定效应的非可分面板模型的非参数识别
This paper extends the familiar notion of fixed effects to nonlinear structures with infinite-dimensional unobservables, like preferences. The main result is that a generalized version of differencing identifies local average responses (LARs) in nonseparable structures. In contrast to existing results, this does not require either substantial restrictions on functional form or independence between the persistent unobservables and the explanatory variables of interest, and it…
测地线双重差分
Summary Difference-in-differences (DID) is a widely used quasi-experimental design for causal inference, traditionally applied to scalar or Euclidean outcomes, while extensions to outcomes residing in non-Euclidean spaces remain limited. Existing methods for such outcomes have primarily focused on univariate distributions, leveraging linear operations in the space of quantile functions, but these approaches cannot be directly extended to outcomes in general metric spaces. In…