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利用面板数据估计与检验工会工资效应AI 解读

We present estimates of the union wage effect controlling for unmeasured individual effects, and subject the conventional fixed-effects model to specification tests. For PSID men the union wage effect is 5-8% after controlling for person effects, as opposed to 20% in cross-section. Omnibus tests based on an unrestricted reduced form and instrumental variables tests based on differencing are consistent with conventional models. Tests based on comparing those who enter and…

水泥生产燃料系数的估计：非线性回归的固定效应方法AI 解读

Fuel coefficients of cement production--one for each process of production--are estimated by explicitly accounting for the multiple-kiln structure of cement plants. Unobserved heterogeneity across plants is found to be significant. Furthermore, since the estimable model is nonlinear in exogenous variables and parameters, a fixed-effects estimator for nonlinear regression is used to obtain the estimates.

轮换面板两阶段抽样下的价格指数方差估计AI 解读

Price index estimation is often based on complex rotating panel surveys. At each period, a time series of data is available for use in estimation. This paper examines how best to combine data for estimation of long-term and short-term changes and how to estimate the variances of the estimators in the context of two-stage sampling. Linearization estimators of variance for indexes of long- and short-term change are derived. The theory is supported by a simulation study using…

摘要暂缺

两个连续分布函数交叉点的统计推断AI 解读

Let $\mathscr{F}$ denote the set of cdf's on $\mathbb{R}$ with density everywhere positive. Let $C_A = \{(F,G) \in \mathscr{F} \times \mathscr{F}$: there exists a unique $x^\ast \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $F(x) > G(x) \text{for} x << x^\ast \text{and} F(x) < G(x) \text{for} x > x^\ast\}, C_B - \{(F,G) \in \mathscr{F} \times \mathscr{F}: (G,F) \in C_A\}$. Based on independent random samples from $F$ and $G$ (assumed unknown), we give distribution-free tests of $H_0: F = G$ vers…

重复测量数据中变化速率的序贯比较AI 解读

There are many clinical trials in which the patients enter sequentially, and a response variable is measured repeatedly over time for each patient. A group sequential procedure is proposed for comparing the rates of change between two treatment groups. Some existing procedures for testing the equality of means between two treatment groups with repeated measurements data, such as those proposed by Armitage, Stratton, and Worthington and by Geary, can be interpreted as special…

大量观测下核平滑条件分位数的计算AI 解读

Quantiles of a variable Y conditional on another variable X, when plotted against X, can be a useful descriptive tool. These plots give a quick impression of the functional form of the relation between X and the location, spread, and shape of the conditional distribution of Y. If several Y are observed for each X, then sample quantiles could be calculated for each X. The resulting quantile plot may be quite noisy, however, and smoothing across X may be desired. This article…

比较实验与小区域估计中的贝叶斯及非贝叶斯程序：计算、频率学性质与联系AI 解读

The estimation of a treatment contrast from experimental data and the estimation of a small-area mean are special cases of the prediction of the realization of a linear combination of fixed and random effects in a possibly unbalanced two-part mixed linear model. In this article a Bayesian approach to point and interval prediction is presented and its computational requirements are examined. Differences between the Bayesian approach and the traditional (classical) approach…

乘法强度模型中对数秩检验的相对效率AI 解读

For large-sample clinical trials with independent individuals randomly allocated to two treatment groups, in which survival times follow a log linear multiplicative intensity model with treatment group as one covariate, this paper calculates the asymptotic relative efficiency of the log rank test for treatment effect as compared with the optimal score test. The method is to exhibit the failure hazard intensity, not of proportional hazards form, obtained by ignoring all…

多类别离散选择模型中单调凹效用函数的半参数估计AI 解读

This paper introduces a semiparametric estimation method for Polychotomous Choice models. The method does not require a parametric structure for the systematic subutility of observable exogenous variables. The distribution of the random terms is assumed to be known up to a finite-dimensional parameter vector. In contrast, previous semiparametric methods of estimating discrete choice models have concentrated on relaxing parametric subutility parametrically specified. The…

误设误差成分模型中回归系数方差的估计AI 解读

In a regression model with an arbitrary number of error components, the covariance matrix of the disturbances has three equivalent representations as linear combinations of matrices. Furthermore, this property is invariant with respect to powers, matrix addition, and matrix multiplication. This result is applied to the derivation and interpretation of the inconsistency of the estimated coefficient variances when the error components structure is improperly restricted. This…

实现渐近正态性的半非参数估计量自适应规则AI 解读

In econometrics, seminonparametric (SNP) estimators originated in the consumer demand literature. The Fourier flexible form is a well-known example. The idea is to replace the consumer's indirect utility function with a truncated series expansion and then use a parametric procedure, such as nonlinear multivariate regression, to set a confidence interval on an elasticity. More recently, SNP estimators have been used in nonlinear time series analysis. A truncated Hermite…

摘要暂缺

Logistic 测量误差模型的半参数估计AI 解读

SUMMARY We describe semiparametric estimation and inference in a logistic regression model with measurement error in the predictors. The particular measurement error model consists of a primary data set in which only the response Y and a fallible surrogate W of the true predictor X are observed, plus a smaller validation data set for which (Y, X, W) are observed. Except for the underlying assumption of a logistic model in the true predictor, no parametric distributional…

The goodness-of-fit statistic for fixed effects models is shown to simplify to the degrees of freedom times the R(superscript "2") from a regression of analysis of covariance residuals on right hand side variables. This result is applied to test models for union wage effects. Identification and estimation of the return to schooling in models with fixed effects is also discussed. Analysis of covariance estimates of the returns to schooling are precisely estimated and roughly…

均匀重抽样与重要性重抽样的 Bahadur 表示及渐近相对效率AI 解读

We derive Bahadur-type representations for quantile estimates obtained from two different types of nonparametric bootstrap resampling--the commonly used uniform resampling method, where each sample value is drawn with the same probability, and importance resampling, where different sample values are assigned different resampling weights. These results are applied to obtain the relative efficiency of uniform resampling and importance resampling and to derive exact convergence…

多个总体一致随机序的统计推断AI 解读

Stochastic ordering between probability distributions is a widely studied concept. It arises in numerous settings and has useful applications. Since it is often easy to make value judgments when such orderings exist, it is desirable to recognize their occurrence and to model distributional structure under such orderings. Unfortunately, the necessary theory for statistical inference procedures has not been developed for many problems involving stochastic ordering and this…

回归分位数的非参数估计及局部 Bahadur 表示AI 解读

Let $(X, Y)$ be a random vector such that $X$ is $d$-dimensional, $Y$ is real valued and $Y = \theta(X) + \varepsilon$, where $X$ and $\varepsilon$ are independent and the $\alpha$th quantile of $\varepsilon$ is $0$ ($\alpha$ is fixed such that $0 < \alpha < 1$). Assume that $\theta$ is a smooth function with order of smoothness $p > 0$, and set $r = (p - m)/(2p + d)$, where $m$ is a nonnegative integer smaller than $p$. Let $T(\theta)$ denote a derivative of $\theta$ of…

有偏处理分配下乘法处理效应的估计AI 解读

Suppose that, given θ, x is Poisson with mean θ, while, given θ, y is Poisson with mean αθ or βθ according as treatment 1 or treatment 2 is used. Moreover, suppose that treatment 1 is used if x < a, while treatment 2 is used if x≥ a. Under this biased allocation of treatments we give consistent estimators of the two treatment effects α and β. The method also applies when x is binomial and θ is the odds on success, and to other cases.

利用面板数据识别和估计二元潜变量模型AI 解读

Identification conditions for binary choice errors-in-variables models are explored. Conditions for the consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimators of binary choice models with unbounded explanatory variables are given. Two- or three-step estimators to simplify computation are also suggested.

福利测度的置信区间：截断计数问题的应用AI 解读

Demand for deer hunting trips was estimated using statistical models based on the normal, Poisson, and negative binomial probability laws. Some of the models accounted for existing sampling truncation. Estimates of Marshallian and Hicksian welfare measures are presented, accompanied by 90 percent confidence intervals based on Krinsky and Robb's procedure. For each of the statistical models, the Hicksian measures are found to be very close to the Marshallian measures, with…

需求方程系统最大似然估计量的可靠性：来自OECD国家的证据AI 解读

In large demand systems, when the unknown error covariance matrix is approximated by its usual maximum likelihood estimator, the coefficient estimates are known to suffer from two problems: (1) the asymptotic standard errors severely understate the sampling variability of the estimates and (2) the efficiency of the maximum likelihood coefficient estimates is greatly impaired. In this paper, the author proposes an alternative estimator for the covariance matrix and evaluates…

多种资本品下企业增长与 Q 的关系：日本企业面板的理论与证据AI 解读

The authors derive, from a model of investment with multiple capital goods, a one-to-one relation between the growth rate of the capital aggregate and the stock-market-based Q. The authors estimate the growth-Q relation using a panel of Japanese manufacturing firms taking into account the endogeneity of Q. For early years of their sample, cash flow has significant explanatory power over and above Q. The estimated Q coefficient implies that the adjustment cost is less than a…

需求系统的秩：理论与非参数估计AI 解读

W. M. Gorman's (1981) concept of Engel curve "rank" is extended to apply to any demand system. Rank is shown to have implications for specification, separability, and aggregation of demands. A simple nonparametric test of rank using Engel curve data is described and applied to U.S. and U.K. consumer survey data. The test employs a new general method for testing the rank of estimated matrices. The results are used to assess theoretical and empirical aggregation error in…