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商业桃产区果园数量估计中的抽样方法AI 解读

This paper presents the results of a study with two main objectives: (1) to investigate an extension of some principles recently developed in the theory of cluster sampling, and (2) to determine the efficiency of sample segments containing specified numbers of farms, as indicated by highway maps, for estimating numbers of commercial orchards in a commercial peach area.

1947年消费者财务调查的抽样设计AI 解读

The designing of a sample for financial surveys requires special attention to families with higher incomes in order that adequate information may be obtained about what the “dollars will do” as well as what the heads of households will do. The chief problem posed here is the adaptation of area sampling to a procedure that is more efficient than the more usual stratified random sampling would be. The modifications introduced were essentially devices for disproportionate…

控制图与方差分析、卡方检验的关系AI 解读

Some connections are established, by elementary and intuitive paths, among the following statistical techniques: Shewhart control charts, analysis of variance, and chi-square tests.

希腊人口抽样调查AI 解读

Samples of households and of names from electoral lists were compared in connection with the work of the Allied Mission for Observing the Greek Elections. Only the sample of households taken in the summer of 1946 is described in detail here. The 3052 sample households were drawn from a primary sample of about 200 areas. Villages, towns, and cities were classified on the basis of their 1940 populations, and a sample of areas and households was drawn, conforming closely to the…

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1947年消费者财务调查的抽样设计AI 解读

The designing of a sample for financial surveys requires special attention to families with higher incomes in order that adequate information may be obtained about what the “dollars will do” as well as what the heads of households will do. The chief problem posed here is the adaptation of area sampling to a procedure that is more efficient than the more usual stratified random sampling would be. The modifications introduced were essentially devices for disproportionate…

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希腊人口的一项抽样调查AI 解读

Samples of households and of names from electoral lists were compared in connection with the work of the Allied Mission for Observing the Greek Elections. Only the sample of households taken in the summer of 1946 is described in detail here. The 3052 sample households were drawn from a primary sample of about 200 areas. Villages, towns, and cities were classified on the basis of their 1940 populations, and a sample of areas and households was drawn, conforming closely to the…

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大规模作物产量调查中的样方大小问题AI 解读

This paper gives the results of the three investigations carried out on a district-wide scale for comparing the efficiency of small size plots with those of the order of 1/80th of an acre used under the existing official procedure in India. The first investigation was on wheat in the United Provinces, and the other two on paddy (rice) in the provinces of Bihar and Madras. The experiments were conducted by the staff of the departments of Revenue and Agriculture posted in the…

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大规模作物产量调查中的样地大小问题AI 解读

This paper gives the results of the three investigations carried out on a district-wide scale for comparing the efficiency of small size plots with those of the order of 1/80th of an acre used under the existing official procedure in India. The first investigation was on wheat in the United Provinces, and the other two on paddy (rice) in the provinces of Bihar and Madras. The experiments were conducted by the staff of the departments of Revenue and Agriculture posted in the…

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提高严苛程度的试验AI 解读

Certain manufactured items must be produced of such quality that only a very small fraction will fail when used. In problems of this sort standard sampling plans are impractical because of the excessively large sample sizes required. In this paper we consider the statistical questions involved in developing an efficient sampling plan for such problems, and recommend a procedure which has been found very useful in biological assay and in the testing of explosives. There is…

统计符号检验AI 解读

This paper presents and illustrates a simple statistical test for judging whether one of two materials or treatments is better than the other. The data to which the test is applied consist of paired observations on the two materials or treatments. The test is based on the signs of the differences between the pairs of observations. It is immaterial whether all the pairs of observations are comparable or not. However, when all the pairs are comparable, there are more efficient…

加严条件下的试验AI 解读

Certain manufactured items must be produced of such quality that only a very small fraction will fail when used. In problems of this sort standard sampling plans are impractical because of the excessively large sample sizes required. In this paper we consider the statistical questions involved in developing an efficient sampling plan for such problems, and recommend a procedure which has been found very useful in biological assay and in the testing of explosives. There is…

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忽略变量的线性回归函数AI 解读

This article discusses some properties of the computed Y values obtained by fitting a linear regression function to independent observations by the method of least squares. For the general case where the form of the fitted function may not be correct it is proved that (a) the sampling variance of the computed values and of the residual differences is the same as for the special case where the form of the fitted function is correct, and (b) the mean square bias of the set of…

子类样本数不均衡数据分析中的调整因子AI 解读

This paper presents a new method for the analysis of variance of multiple classifications with unequal subclass numbers. It is believed that the method is simpler and more expeditious than the standard method of fitting constants. The process of adjusting is accomplished by substituting in the following equation: where is the mean of the i th subclass in the jth row or column, is the mean of the i th row or column, is the grand mean and is the adjusted mean of the i th…

消费的测量与预测AI 解读

During the past decade, under the stimulus of changed economic conditions and changed attitudes toward policy formation, real progress has been made in the measurement of consumption in the United States. Concepts have been clarified considerably, techniques for gathering information have been improved, some information has been collected, and a certain amount of lay as well as professional support has been developed for further use of public funds to measure consumption.…