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类似Student t统计量的极限分布AI 解读

A class of statistics is considered, which are based on order-statistics and have properties analogous to Student's $t$. They can be used to estimate a required quantile of a random variable or to test hypotheses about a quantile; they are simple to compute, and can be calculated when not all sample values are available, e.g. for censored samples. The limiting distributions of these statistics are derived and shown to be independent of the distribution of the underlying…

误差分量回归模型的贝叶斯分析AI 解读

This article examines the use of a two-way, random-effects, model with correlated errors and additional explanatory variables in combining cross-section with time series data. This model has been analyzed from a Bayesian viewpoint. Methods are developed for computing posterior distributions of slope coefficients. The advantage of our approach over sampling theory approaches is briefly discussed. It has been shown how one can obtain reasonable inferences about slope…

地区人均收入与收入不平等：点估计及标准误AI 解读

A simple statistical model is developed to assess the implications of random measurement errors in reported per capita incomes and of the bias caused by the use of official exchange rates for (1) regional per capita incomes and (2) regional income inequality. It appears that regional per capita incomes can be estimated with a fair degree of accuracy, provided that the measurement errors of the reported per capita incomes of individual countries are not too highly positively…

误差分量回归模型的贝叶斯分析AI 解读

This article examines the use of a two-way, random-effects, model with correlated errors and additional explanatory variables in combining cross-section with time series data. This model has been analyzed from a Bayesian viewpoint. Methods are developed for computing posterior distributions of slope coefficients. The advantage of our approach over sampling theory approaches is briefly discussed. It has been shown how one can obtain reasonable inferences about slope…

区域人均收入与收入不平等：点估计及其标准误AI 解读

A simple statistical model is developed to assess the implications of random measurement errors in reported per capita incomes and of the bias caused by the use of official exchange rates for (1) regional per capita incomes and (2) regional income inequality. It appears that regional per capita incomes can be estimated with a fair degree of accuracy, provided that the measurement errors of the reported per capita incomes of individual countries are not too highly positively…

N this paper, we first re-estimate the structural equations of the Puerto Rican Model (Dutta and Su, 1969) by seven alternative methods of estimation, and obtain predictions on endogenous variables by using seven sets of alternative estimates. We have obtained three different types of predictions -pure ex-post, pure ex-ante and partial ex-ante. We then compare the predictive power of the various estimators in terms of several descriptive criteria. The specification of the…

频数数据的对数线性模型：充分统计量与似然方程AI 解读

A general model is proposed for analysis of frequency tables. This model includes conventional log-linear models for complete and incomplete factorial tables and logit models for quantal response analysis. By use of coordinate-free methods of linear algebra and differential calculus, complete minimal sufficient statistics and likelihood equations for the maximum likelihood estimate are derived. The maximum likelihood estimate is shown to be unique if it exists, and necessary…

k 类估计量：有限样本中的最优归一化AI 解读

Frequently, in estimating an equation, one is interested in a particular set of normalized coefficients. There is still a normalization problem, however, for if an equation contains m 1 endogenous variables, there are m 1 ways to estimate the same coefficients. The purpose of this article is to determine the optimum normalization for finite samples. Restricting the analysis to k-class estimators and employing Kadane's small sample technique [9], let p 2 i denote the…

多维保序中位数回归AI 解读

We consider the partial order on the unit square; $s_1 = (x_1, y_1) \ll s_2 = (x_2, y_2)$ if and only if $x_i \leqq y_i$ for $i = 1, 2$, and say that a real-valued function $f$ is isotone if $s_1 \ll s_2$ implies that $f(s_1) \leqq f(s_2)$. Suppose that for each point, $s$, in the unit square we have a distribution with median $m(s)$ and $m(s)$ is isotone. In this paper we propose an isotone estimator for $m$ which we denote by $\hat{m}$ and give an algorithm for computing $\hat{m}$…

参数随机分散的线性回归AI 解读

Consider a collection of individual linear regression models, in which each individual parameter vector is independently drawn from a common multivariate normal distribution and is fixed over successive observations on that individual. Maximum likelihood estimators of the mean and dispersion of the parameters and of the disturbance variance are derived. These estimators yield empirical Bayes estimators of the individual parameter veotors. The properties of the estimators are…

参数随机分散的线性回归AI 解读

Consider a collection of individual linear regression models, in which each individual parameter vector is independently drawn from a common multivariate normal distribution and is fixed over successive observations on that individual. Maximum likelihood estimators of the mean and dispersion of the parameters and of the disturbance variance are derived. These estimators yield empirical Bayes estimators of the individual parameter veotors. The properties of the estimators are…

纵向研究中的非参数方法AI 解读

Inference procedures based on some simple rank statistics are proposed and studied for the statistical analysis of longitudinal data. These robust and asymptotically efficient procedures do not require the basic assumption of multivariate normality of the underlying distributions. The theory is illustrated with two examples.

评R. P. Byron《需求关系系统的受限Aitken估计》AI 解读

that the latter system fits only poorly, Byron went on to speculate (in the presence of those data) whether any system of demand functions would fit any relevant empirical data as well. The system of demand functions Byron said he intended to test and estimate belongs to the class Y'O of systems of real-valued functions of real variables that are characterized by (la) xi = AiME H p' (i=1 . ,m) j=1 and m

随机化模型下的协方差分析AI 解读

Summary The randomization model for the analysis of covariance in a randomized block design is considered. Asymptotic properties of tests and estimates are obtained and it is shown that if the number of replicates is large, then the usual results concerning tests are approximately true. The large sample power of the tests are obtained and it is shown that using the concomitant variate increases the power.

使用样本分位数的拟合优度检验AI 解读

Summary A goodness-of-fit test is constructed using sample quantiles for a p.d.f. F(x, θ) (where θ is to be estimated) which is continuous and strictly increasing at the quantiles of interest. It is shown to be asymptotically equivalent, under alternatives “close” to the null, to the usual goodness-of-fit test based on grouped observations, the advantage being that we may avoid the difficulties of choosing cell boundaries for grouping.

成对比较实验的贝叶斯方法AI 解读

A Bayesian approach to the analysis of paired comparison experiments is presented. Two statistical models are considered: the multibinomial and the Bradley-Terry model. For each, the natural conjugate family of priors is used to represent prior beliefs, and the parameters of the prior are given meaningful interpretations. Two different estimators are suggested for the model parameters, the preference probabilities of the multibinomial model and the worth parameters of the…

不同估计程序下量化反应模型参数估计的一阶偏差AI 解读

To estimate the parameters in a quantal response model, various alternative procedures have been used. A comparison is made between maximum likelihood, minimum chi-squared and modified minimum chi-squared in terms of first-order bias of parameter estimates, with particular reference to the standard probit model. It is shown that, in this respect, the procedures may differ widely, with maximum likelihood seeming the most satisfactory of the three alternatives.

摘要暂缺

美国石油炼制业的经济—线性规划模型AI 解读

The linking of statistically estimated relationships with an engineering linear programming model offers important potentials for simulation and forecasting models of industries. This article describes such a model of the U.S. petroleum refining industry. Econometric techniques are used to specify product demands, prices, and some technical adjustments. A linear programming specification of the production function, assuming cost minimization, determines crude oil input…

美国石油炼制行业的经济—线性规划模型AI 解读

The linking of statistically estimated relationships with an engineering linear programming model offers important potentials for simulation and forecasting models of industries. This article describes such a model of the U.S. petroleum refining industry. Econometric techniques are used to specify product demands, prices, and some technical adjustments. A linear programming specification of the production function, assuming cost minimization, determines crude oil input…

旧金山湾区城市交通方式的二元选择AI 解读

This empirical study presents an analysis of mode choice for selected urban trips in the San Francisco Bay area. The economic model is a restricted consumer choice model, where the mutually exclusive collectively exhaustive choice is between auto driver and transit passenger. The main testable hypothesis is that, in the absence of knowledge about the value a traveler attaches to his time, if a choice exists and if a mode is cheaper than the alternative in terms of both time…

计量经济学：统计基础与应用AI 解读

1. Elementary Aspects of Multivariate Analysis.- 1.1 Preliminaries.- 1.2 Joint, Marginal, and Conditional Distributions.- 1.3 A Mathematical Digression.- 1.4 The Multivariate Normal Distribution.- 1.5 Correlation Coefficients and Related Topics.- 1.6 Estimators of the Mean Vector and Covariance Matrix and their Distribution.- 1.7 Tests of Significance.- 2. Applications of Multivariate Analysis.- 2.1 Canonical Correlations and Canonical Variables.- 2.2 Principal Components.-…

摘要暂缺

线性 Logistic 与 Bradley–Terry 模型的检验AI 解读

A test is developed for the adequacy of the linear logistic model for binary data and is applied to the Bradley-Terry model for paired comparisons. The small-sample properties of the procedure are investigated for a numerical example.