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极化的测量AI 解读

Suppose that the authors are interested in the distribution of a set of characteristics over a population. They study a precise sense in which this distribution can be said to be polarized and provide a theory of measurement. Polarization, as conceptualized here, is closely related to the generation of social tensions, to the possibilities of revolution and revolt, and to the existence of social unrest in general. The authors take special care to distinguish their theory…

灵活函数形式下的贝叶斯效率分析：AIM 成本函数AI 解读

In this article, the authors describe the use of Gibbs sampling methods for drawing posterior inferences in a cost frontier model with an asymptotically ideal price aggregator, nonconstant returns to scale, and composed error. An empirical example illustrates the sensitivity of efficiency measures to assumptions made about the functional form of the frontier. The authors also examine the consequences of imposing regularity through parametric restrictions alone.

应用于面板数据的随机系数 Logit 品牌选择模型AI 解读

A random-coefficients logit model that allows for unobserved heterogeneity in brand preferences and in the responses to marketing variables is empirically investigated using household-level panel data. The unknown underlying distribution of unobserved heterogeneity is approximated by a discrete distribution. The results reveal that there is significant unobserved heterogeneity across households and that ignoring its effects results in a downward bias in the parameter…

若干离散博弈计量模型的估计AI 解读

Abstract This paper discusses, estimates and compares some microeconometric models for simultaneous discrete endogenous variables. The models are based on the assumption that observed endogenous variables represent the outcome of a static discrete game. I discuss models based on non‐cooperative equilibrium concepts (Nash, Stackelberg), as well as models which presume Pareto optimality of observed outcomes. The models are estimated using data on the joint labor force…

复杂调查抽样中的 L 统计量AI 解读

We study linear combinations of order statistics ($L$-statistics) in survey problems with a stratified multistage sampling design. Two general types of $L$-statistics are considered: smooth $L$-statistics with weights generated by a smooth function and nonsmooth $L$-statistics (sample quantiles). The trimmed sample mean, the decile mean and variance, the sample Lorenz curve and the sample Gini's family parameters are examples of smooth $L$-statistics or functions of smooth $L$…

In this article, a model of single variable sampling plan with type I censoring is studied. Under the assumption that the variable is exponentially distributed and the loss function is a polynomial, an explicit expression of the Bayes risk is derived. Then, a simple and finite algorithm to determine an optimal sampling plan for minimizing the Bayes risk is suggested. Furthermore, a discretization method is proposed so that one can easily obtain an approximately optimal…

通过最小化平均绝对偏差估计曲线及其含义AI 解读

The local median regression method has long been known as a robustified alternative to methods such as local mean regression. Yet, its optimal statistical properties are largely unknown. In this paper, we show via decision-theoretic arguments that a local weighted median estimator is the best least absolute deviation estimator in an asymptotic minimax sense, under $L_1$-loss. We also study asymptotic efficiency of the local median estimator in the class of all possible…

分析分类面板数据的条件对数线性模型AI 解读

Conditional log-linear models are developed for panel data and used to predict sequences of categorical responses. The class of models considered includes conventional Markov models and independence models as well as distance models in which all previous responses and present and past values of covariates are used to predict the current response. The approach taken in this article has some advantages over the marginal modeling approach that has become popular for…

用于分类面板数据分析的条件对数线性模型AI 解读

Conditional log-linear models are developed for panel data and used to predict sequences of categorical responses. The class of models considered includes conventional Markov models and independence models as well as distance models in which all previous responses and present and past values of covariates are used to predict the current response. The approach taken in this article has some advantages over the marginal modeling approach that has become popular for…

基于枢轴估计函数的重抽样方法AI 解读

Suppose that, under a semiparametric model setting, one is interested in drawing inferences about a finite-dimensional parameter vector β based on an estimating function. Generally a consistent point estimator β^ for βo, the true value for β, can be easily obtained by finding a root of the corresponding estimating equation. To estimate the variance of β^, however, may involve complicated and subjective nonparametric functional estimates. In this paper, a general and simple…

离散选择的近似广义极值模型AI 解读

Estimation of generalized extreme value (GEV) models of discrete choice is hampered by computational complexity and convergence problems. However, the much simpler estimation routine for multinomial logit can be applied in a two-step procedure so as to test the null hypothesis of multinomial logit against any particular GEV model as an alternative hypothesis. The procedure also produces an approximate estimate of the GEV model. Monte Carlo data, generated alternatively by…

具有一般 MA(q) 扰动的误差成分模型估计AI 解读

This paper provides a simple estimation method for an error component regression model with general MA( q ) remainder disturbances. The estimation method utilizes the transformation derived by Baltagi and Li [3] for an error component model with autoregressive remainder disturbances, and a standard orthogonalizing algorithm for the general MA( q ) model. This estimation method is computationally simple utilizing only least-squares regressions. This is important for panel…

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广义半参数回归估计量分析中的 U 过程AI 解读

We prove -consistency and asymptotic normality of a generalized semiparametric regression estimator that includes as special cases Ichimura's semiparametric least-squares estimator for single index models, and the estimator of Klein and Spady for the binary choice regression model. Two function expansions reveal a type of U-process structure in the criterion function; then new U-process maximal inequalities are applied to establish the requisite stochastic equicontinuity…

使用面板数据估计犯罪经济模型AI 解读

Previous attempts at estimating the economic model of crime with aggregate data relied heavily on cross-section econometric techniques and, therefore, do not control for unobserved heterogeneity. This is even true of studies that estimated simultaneous equations models. Using a new panel data set of North Carolina counties, the authors exploit both single and simultaneous equations panel data estimators to address two sources of endogeneity: unobserved heterogeneity and…

动态离散选择模型的模拟估计量AI 解读

This paper analyses a new estimator for the structural parameters of dynamic models of discrete choice. Based on an inversion theorem due to Hotz and Miller (1993), which establishes the existence of a one-to-one mapping between the conditional valuation functions for the dynamic problem and their associated conditional choice probabilities, we exploit simulation techniques to estimate models which do not possess terminal states. In this way our Conditional Choice Simulation…

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对 Box–Tidwell 灵活函数形式施加一次齐次性AI 解读

The authors consider two forms of the Box-Tidwell cost function, which uses the increasingly popular Box-Cox metric. If the dependent variable is the logarithm of cost, the function violates the regularity condition of homogeneity in factor prices, globally and locally. If cost is transformed by the Box-Cox metric, global homogeneity requires highly restrictive parameter constraints such that the model is no longer flexible, while local homogeneity is satisfied at only the…

居民天然气与电力消费模式的计量分析AI 解读

In this article, we investigate individual consumption data of natural gas and electricity using modified multiple regression techniques. Because a subset of households have zero gas consumption, the purpose of the study is to ask two empirical questions: 1. How can we quantify potential energy conservation from increasing gas availability? 2. Is it appropriate to estimate and compare electricity demands of gas users and nonusers by the same regression function? We began our…

对Box–Tidwell灵活函数形式施加一次齐次性AI 解读

The authors consider two forms of the Box-Tidwell cost function, which uses the increasingly popular Box-Cox metric. If the dependent variable is the logarithm of cost, the function violates the regularity condition of homogeneity in factor prices, globally and locally. If cost is transformed by the Box-Cox metric, global homogeneity requires highly restrictive parameter constraints such that the model is no longer flexible, while local homogeneity is satisfied at only the…

发展中国家外债危机的模拟估计分析AI 解读

Abstract In this paper we develop models of the incidence and extent of external financing crises of developing countries, which lead to multiperiod multinomial discrete choice and discrete/continuous econometric specifications with flexible correlation structures in the unobservables. We show that estimation of these models based on simulation methods has attractive statistical properties and is computationally tractable. Three such simulation estimation methods are…

二元数据方差分量的极大似然估计AI 解读

We consider a class of probit-normal models for binary data and describe ML and REML estimation of variance components for that class as well as best prediction for the realized values of the random effects. ML estimates are calculated using an EM algorithm; for complicated models EM includes a Gibbs step. The computations are illustrated through two examples.

异方差回归模型的拟合AI 解读

In heteroscedastic regression models assumptions about the error distribution determine the method of consistent estimation of parameters. For example, consider the case where the model specifies the regression and dispersion functions for the data but robustness is of concern and one wishes to use least absolute error regressions. Except in certain special circumstances, parameter estimates obtained in this way are inconsistent. In this article we expand the heteroscedastic…