On the two-phase framework for joint model and design-based inference
模型与设计联合推断的两阶段框架
We establish a mathematical framework that formally validates the two-phase “super-population viewpoint” proposed by Hartley and Sielken [Biometrics 31 (1975) 411–422] by defining a product probability space which includes both the design space and the model space. The methodology we develop combines finite population sampling theory and the classical theory of infinite population sampling to account for the underlying processes that produce the data under a unified…