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统计模型与生物恐怖袭击AI 解读

In the fall of 2001 an outbreak of inhalational anthrax occurred in the United States that was the result of bioterrorism. Letters contaminated with anthrax spores were sent through the postal system. In response to the outbreak, public health officials treated over 10,000 persons with antibiotic prophylaxis in the hopes of preventing further morbidity and mortality. No persons receiving the antibiotics subsequently developed disease. The question arises as to how many cases…

多维纵向数据：从连续、离散或事件时间响应估计治疗效应AI 解读

Multidimensional data arise when a number of different response variables are required to measure the outcome of interest. Examples of such outcomes include quality of life, cognitive ability, and health status. The goal of this article is to develop a methodology to estimate a treatment effect from multidimensional data that have been collected longitudinally using continuous, discrete, or time-to-event responses or a mixture of these types of responses. A transformation of…

病例队列设计的替代方差与效率计算AI 解读

We define a bootstrap sampling plan for the case-cohort design and present bootstrap variance estimates and confidence intervals for the log relative hazard. The coverages of these confidence intervals are found to be near nominal levels in simulations. A simple null variance calculation, based on a superpopulation model, is shown to provide good estimates of the power and efficiency of the case-cohort design.

删失且自相关数据的回归分析AI 解读

For many studies in which data are collected sequentially in time, the sensitivity of the measurement is limited and an exact value can be recorded only if it falls within a specified range. This gives rise to a censored time series. In this article, we present a methodology for regression analysis of censored time series data. We fit autoregressive models to account for the time dependence. Two numerical methods for full likelihood estimation and an approximate method are…

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删失数据的多样本中位数检验AI 解读

A k-sample median test for censored data is proposed. The test is more sensitive to differences in median survival times than to differences in shape of the survival curves. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived under both the null and the alternative hypotheses and its variance is shown to take a simple form. The median test is compared to several other tests for censored data by computing asymptotic relative efficiencies and performing a Monte Carlo…