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整群随机试验数据的嵌套Dirichlet过程分析：老年照护评估应用AI 解读

In cluster randomized trials, patients seen by the same physician are randomized to the same treatment arm as a group. Besides the natural clustering of patients due to cluster/group randomization, interactions between an individual patient and the attending physician within the group could just as well influence patient care outcomes. Despite the intuitive relevance of these interactions to treatment assessment, few studies have thus far examined their influences. Whether…

基于似然比检验的信号检测及其 FDA 药物安全数据应用AI 解读

Several statistical methods that are available in the literature to analyze postmarket safety databases, such as the U.S. Federal Drug Administration’s (FDA) adverse event reporting system (AERS), for identifying drug-event combinations with disproportionately high frequencies, are subject to high false discovery rates. Here, we propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) based method and show, via an extensive simulation study, that the proposed method while retaining good power…

异质总体数据的加权正态空间扫描统计量AI 解读

In geographical spatial epidemiology and disease surveillance, all the existing spatial scan methods for cluster detection using continuous data are designed for evaluating clusters of individuals and analyzing individual-level data. Motivated by growing demands to study the spatial heterogeneity of continuous measures in population data, such as mortality rates, survival rates, average body mass indexes and pollution at state, county, and census tract levels, we propose a…

允许依赖删失的一类半参数混合治愈生存模型AI 解读

Modern cancer treatments have substantially improved cure rates and have generated a great interest in and need for proper statistical tools to analyze survival data with non-negligible cure fractions. Data with cure fractions are often complicated by dependent censoring, and the analysis of this type of data typically involves untestable parametric assumptions on the dependence of the censoring mechanism and the true survival times. Motivated by the analysis of prostate…

利用参数与半参数贝叶斯折点回归分析 SEER 癌症发生率AI 解读

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer incidence and mortality rates measure the progress against cancer; these rates are obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers, whereas prostate cancer has the highest number of new cases among males. In this article, we analyze the incidence rates of these two cancers,…

允许依赖删失的混合治愈生存模型AI 解读

Summary The paper is motivated by cure detection among the prostate cancer patients in the National Institutes of Health surveillance epidemiology and end results programme, wherein the main end point (e.g. deaths from prostate cancer) and the censoring causes (e.g. deaths from heart diseases) may be dependent. Although many researchers have studied the mixture survival model to analyse survival data with non-negligible cure fractions, none has studied the mixture cure model…

利用阈值以上样本非参数贝叶斯估计污染水平AI 解读

Data on contamination concentrations for chromium from one of the EPA's toxic waste sites consist of independent and identically distributed (iid) measurements along with additional observations from the residual distribution. The residual sample is obtained by sampling from hot spots, where contamination concentrations are assumed to be above a given threshold value. The data are modeled using a nonparametric Bayes estimator of the distribution function. The Dirichlet…

利用阈值以上样本的污染水平非参数贝叶斯估计AI 解读

Data on contamination concentrations for chromium from one of the EPA's toxic waste sites consist of independent and identically distributed (iid) measurements along with additional observations from the residual distribution. The residual sample is obtained by sampling from hot spots, where contamination concentrations are assumed to be above a given threshold value. The data are modeled using a nonparametric Bayes estimator of the distribution function. The Dirichlet…

截断数据的半参数似然比推断AI 解读

In astronomic, demographic, epidemiologic, and other studies, the variable of interest, say the survival time, is often truncated by an associated variable. In many situations, the distribution of the truncation variable can be described by a parametric form. Unlike in the standard right-censorship model in which the censoring distribution is noninformative, knowledge of the truncation distribution can be used to improve estimation of the survival distribution. This article…

两样本分位数比较函数及其诊断标志物应用AI 解读

In this article a control percentile test, a chi-squared test, and a Kolmogorov-type test are proposed for comparing two distributions from incomplete survival data. These tests are obtained by examining a vertical shift comparison function at a single point, a finite number of points, and an entire set of points on an interval. The proposed methods also have applications in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, which has been widely used in such diverse fields…

两样本问题中的分位数比较函数及诊断标志物比较应用AI 解读

In this article a control percentile test, a chi-squared test, and a Kolmogorov-type test are proposed for comparing two distributions from incomplete survival data. These tests are obtained by examining a vertical shift comparison function at a single point, a finite number of points, and an entire set of points on an interval. The proposed methods also have applications in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, which has been widely used in such diverse fields…

右删失两样本问题中位移函数的推断及应用AI 解读

For two distribution functions, F and G, the shift function is defined by Δ(t) = G −1 · F(t) - t. The shift function is the distance from the 45° line and the quantity plotted in Q-Q plots. In the analysis of lifetime data, A represents the difference between two treatments. The shift function can also be used to find crossing points of two distribution functions. The large-sample distribution theory for estimates of Δ is studied for right-censored data. It turns out that…

右删失两样本问题中位移函数的推断及应用AI 解读

For two distribution functions, F and G, the shift function is defined by Δ(t) = G −1 · F(t) - t. The shift function is the distance from the 45° line and the quantity plotted in Q-Q plots. In the analysis of lifetime data, A represents the difference between two treatments. The shift function can also be used to find crossing points of two distribution functions. The large-sample distribution theory for estimates of Δ is studied for right-censored data. It turns out that…

复合假设拟合优度检验的样本间距统计量大样本理论AI 解读

SUMMARY Let X 1,…, Xn be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with an unknown underlying continuous cumulative distribution function F. Often we would like to test a null hypothesis concerning the goodness of fit of F to some distribution function which is fully specified or belongs to some parametric family, i.e. in some applications the null hypothesis is simple whereas in others it may be composite. In this paper we present the large…

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