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重印：随机前沿生产函数模型的设定与估计AI 解读

Previous studies of the so-called frontier production function have not utilized an adequate characterization of the disturbance term for such a model. In this paper we provide an appropriate specification, by defining the disturbance term as the sum of symmetric normal and (negative) half-normal random variables. Various aspects of maximum-likelihood estimation for the coefficients of a production function with an additive disturbance term of this sort are then considered.

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多层模型估计的计量经济学方法AI 解读

In this paper we consider “multidimensional” or “hierarchical” or “multilevel” models that are popular in the educational and economics literatures. Instead of two levels (individuals over time in the standard panel data model), we now have multiple levels (e.g. students in classrooms in schools in districts). We apply standard methods of analysis for econometric panel data to multilevel models. Specifically, we generalize the results of Hausman and Taylor and the subsequent…

Summary In this paper we consider a panel data model with individual effects that are arbitrarily correlated with the explanatory variables. The effects are composed as the sum of two different interpretable components, such as inefficiency versus heterogeneity in a production frontier setting, or ability versus socioeconomic background in an earnings function, or genetics versus environment in an epidemiological analysis. We wish to predict the two components separately.…

随机前沿模型中的内生环境变量AI 解读

This paper considers a stochastic frontier model that contains environmental variables that affect the level of inefficiency but not the frontier. The model contains statistical noise, potentially endogenous regressors, and technical inefficiency that follows the scaling property, in the sense that it is the product of a basic (half-normal) inefficiency term and a parametric function of the environmental variables. The environmental variables may be endogenous because they…

随机前沿模型中的内生性AI 解读

Stochastic frontier models are typically estimated by maximum likelihood (MLE) or corrected ordinary least squares. The consistency of either estimator depends on exogeneity of the explanatory variables (inputs, in the production frontier setting). We will investigate the case that one or more of the inputs is endogenous, in the simultaneous equation sense of endogeneity. That is, we worry that there is correlation between the inputs and statistical noise or inefficiency.

整数单整原假设对分数单整备择的检验AI 解读

This paper proposes a test of the null of integer integration against the alternative of fractional integration. The null of integer integration is satisfied if the series is either I(0) or I(1). We reject the null if the KPSS test rejects I(0) and a unit root test rejects I(1). We suggest a new unit root test (a lower-tail KPSS test applied to the differenced data) to use in this procedure. We provide critical values under standard asymptotics and fixed-b asymptotics. We…

固定效应随机前沿模型的一致估计AI 解读

In this paper we consider a fixed-effects stochastic frontier model. That is, we have panel data, fixed individual (firm) effects, and the usual stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) composed error.

具有多个时变个体效应的面板数据模型AI 解读

This paper considers a panel data model with time-varying individual effects. The data are assumed to contain a large number of cross-sectional units repeatedly observed over a fixed number of time periods. The model has a feature of the fixed-effects model in that the effects are assumed to be correlated with the regressors. The unobservable individual effects are assumed to have a factor structure. For consistent estimation of the model, it is important to estimate the…

厚尾误差下的短记忆检验AI 解读

In this article, we consider the robustness to fat tails of four stationarity tests. We also consider their sensitivity to the number of lags used in long-run variance estimation, and the power of the tests. Lo's modified rescaled range (MR/S) test is not very robust. Choi's Lagrange multiplier (LM) test has excellent robustness properties but is not generally as powerful as the Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) test. As an analytical framework for fat tails, we…

面板环境中的似然估计：Copula 的稳健性、冗余性与有效性AI 解读

This paper considers the estimation of likelihood-based models in a panel setting. That is, we have panel data, and for each time period separately we have a correctly specified model that could be estimated by MLE. We want to allow non-independence over time. This paper shows how to improve on the QMLE. It then considers MLE based on joint distributions constructed using copulas. It discusses the efficiency gain from using the true copula, and shows that knowledge of the…

一般缺失数据问题中的 GMM 冗余性结果AI 解读

We consider questions of efficiency and redundancy in the GMM estimation problem in which we have two sets of moment conditions, where two sets of parameters enter into one set of moment conditions, while only one set of parameters enters into the other. We then apply these results to a selectivity problem in which the first set of moment conditions is for the model of interest, and the second set of moment conditions is for the selection process. We use these results to…

随机前沿模型中估计技术效率的分布AI 解读

We consider a stochastic frontier model with error [epsilon]=v-u, where v is normal and u is half normal. We derive the distribution of the usual estimate of u,E(u[epsilon]). We show that as the variance of v approaches zero, E(u[epsilon])-u converges to zero, while as the variance of v approaches infinity, E(u[epsilon]) converges to E(u). We graph the density of E(u[epsilon]) for intermediate cases. To show that E(u[epsilon]) is a shrinkage of u towards its mean, we derive…

检验技术无效率是否依赖企业特征的有效方法AI 解读

We wish to test whether technical inefficiency depends on observable characteristics of the firm. We consider a two-step procedure in which the second step is a regression of estimated inefficiency on firm characteristics. A valid test of the hypothesis of no effect requires an adjustment to the variance matrix of the estimates. Unfortunately the adjustment is not distribution-free. We show that this test is the LM test in the exponential case. We also consider tests based…

高阶矩不依赖解释变量时的非正态高效估计：残差增广最小二乘AI 解读

Under normality, least squares is efficient. However, if the errors are not normal, we can gain efficiency from the assertion that higher moments do not depend on the regressors. In this paper, we show how the assumption that higher moments do not depend on the regressors can be exploited in a GMM framework, and we provide simple estimators that are asymptotically equivalent to the GMM estimators. These estimators can be calculated by linear regressions which have been…

与最优总体的边际比较及效率测度问题AI 解读

Consider a set of N populations ranked by an unknown scalar parameter, where a larger parameter value is better. An existing procedure, multiple comparisons with the best, constructs a set of upper and lower bounds for the N – 1 differences between the parameter value of the best population and the other populations, where these bounds hold jointly with a given probability. This article constructs the corresponding upper and lower bounds that hold marginally (for a single…

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个体效应随时间参数化变化的面板数据模型估计AI 解读

This paper is an extension of Ahn, Lee and Schmidt (2001) to allow a parametric function for time-varying coefficients on the individual effects. It is shown that the main results of Ahn, Lee and Schmidt (2001) hold for our model too. Least squares is consistent, given white noise errors, but less efficient than a GMM estimator. An application of the GMM estimators to the measurement of cost efficiency of Spanish banks is also included. The empirical study shows the…

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与最优者的多重比较及其经济应用AI 解读

In this paper we discuss a statistical method called multiple comparisons with the best, or MCB. This paper is meant to introduce MCB to economists. We discuss possible uses of MCB in economics. The application that we treat in most detail is the construction of confidence intervals for inefficiency measures from stochastic frontier models with panel data. We also consider an application to the analysis of labour market wage gaps. Copyright � 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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