A Unified Theory of Two-Stage Adaptive Designs
两阶段自适应设计的统一理论
Adaptation of a clinical trial occurs when there is a change from the planned course of action in design, sample size, or method of analysis. There are many proposed adaptations in the literature, but no comprehensive mathematical theory to support them. The standard Neyman–Pearson theory is not suitable for the setting, and its use may result in invalid inference. This article provides a general formulation of adaptation, under which its validity can be broadly and…