Edgeworth Corrected Pivotal Statistics and the Bootstrap
经 Edgeworth 校正的枢轴统计量与 Bootstrap
A general procedure for multistage modification of pivotal statistics is developed to improve the normal approximation. Bootstrapping a first stage modified statistic is shown to be equivalent, in terms of asymptotic order, to the normal approximation of a second stage modification. Explicit formulae are given for some basic cases involving independent random samples and samples drawn without replacement. The Hodges-Lehmann deficiency is calculated to compare the regular $t$-…