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用加权双重自助矩方法检验调查预期的理性AI 解读

Conventional tests for rationality of survey data on expectations are not valid in the presence of measurement errors. However, if two or more survey measures of expectations are available on the true unobserved expectational variables, we can devise the appropriate FIML estimation methods and Wald tests for rationality. This paper uses this method for survey data on expectations for the 90-day Treasury bill rates. However, the Wald tests would be based on inaccurate…

工具变量估计量的精确小样本分布AI 解读

The purpose of this note is to point out that the bimodality is a consequence of the special case considered by N-S. The exact finite sample distribution of the IV estimator has been derived in the economic literature earlier, but its tabulation or plotting involves some assumptions about the nuisance parameters. In this note we plot the densities of the exact finite sample distribution of the IV estimator for several parameter values and show that the bimodality feature…