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治疗的异常效应AI 解读

Often, the protocol for a randomized controlled trial states that if a patient's health deteriorates substantially in certain specific ways, then the study treatments will no longer be considered adequate medical care, and the patient will be taken off the study treatments and given the needed care. Aberrant responses of this sort present special problems of interpretation. The few such patients may have received only limited exposure to the study treatments, but also may…

卵巢癌治疗观察性研究中的精细平衡最小距离匹配AI 解读

In observational studies of treatment effects, matched samples have traditionally been constructed using two tools, namely close matches on one or two key covariates and close matches on the propensity score to stochastically balance large numbers of covariates. Here we propose a third tool, fine balance, obtained using the assignment algorithm in a new way. We use all three tools to construct a matched sample for an ongoing study of provider specialty in the treatment of…

蒽环类药物治疗后 ACE 抑制剂试验中不完全依从下的随机化推断AI 解读

Anthracyclines are quite effective at curing certain cancers of childhood, but they may damage the heart. The ACE-Inhibitor After Anthracycline (AAA) study compared enalapril to placebo in a randomized trial in an effort to determine whether treatment with enalapril would preserve or improve cardiac function among children previously treated with anthracylines. As is true in many clinical trials, patient compliance with the study protocol was imperfect; some children took…