Separating Between- and Within-Cluster Covariate Effects by Using Conditional and Partitioning Methods
用条件方法与协变量分解区分组间和组内效应
Summary We consider the situation where the random effects in a generalized linear mixed model may be correlated with one of the predictors, which leads to inconsistent estimators. We show that conditional maximum likelihood can eliminate this bias. Conditional likelihood leads naturally to the partitioning of the covariate into between- and within-cluster components and models that include separate terms for these components also eliminate the source of the bias. Another…