Individual Risk and Mutual Insurance
个体风险与互助保险
This paper examines how, in the presence of individual risk, economic efficiency can be achieved without an unrealistically large number of contingent markets. The authors show that consistency of beliefs and optimality of allocation can be guaranteed with an appropriate array of Arrow securities to spread collective risk and Malinvaud mutual insurance policies to pool individual risk. If there are N households (consisting of H types), each facing the possibility of being in…