On the Use of Cause-Specific Failure and Conditional Failure Probabilities: Examples from Clinical Oncology Data
特定死因失效概率与条件失效概率的使用：临床肿瘤数据示例
Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of the probability of failing from a particular cause by time t in the presence of other acting causes (i.e., the cause-specific failure probability) is discussed. A commonly used incorrect approach is to take 1 minus the Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator (1 – KM), whereby patients who fail of extraneous causes are treated as censored observations. Examples showing the extent of bias in using the 1-KM approach are presented using…