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多阶段病例对照研究的有效估计AI 解读

In this paper we discuss the analysis of multi-phase, or multi-stage, case-control studies and present an efficient semiparametric maximum-likelihood approach that unifies and extends earlier work, including the seminal case-control paper by Prentice & Pyke (1979), work by Breslow & Cain (1988), Scott & Wild (1991), Breslow & Holubkov (1997) and others. The theoretical derivations apply to arbitrary binary regression models but we present results for logistic regression and…

病例增补样本下的二元回归模型拟合AI 解读

In a case-augmented study, measurements on a random sample from a population are augmented by information from an independent sample of cases, that is units with some characteristic of interest. We show that inferences about the effect of the covariates on the probability of being a case can be made by fitting a modified prospective likelihood. We also show that this procedure is fully efficient.

回归中响应选择与缺失数据问题的半参数方法AI 解读

Summary Suppose that data are generated according to the model f(y|x; θ) g(x), where y is a response and x are covariates. We derive and compare semiparametric likelihood and pseudolikelihood methods for estimating θ for situations in which units generated are not fully observed and in which it is impossible or undesirable to model the covariate distribution. The probability that a unit is fully observed may depend on y, and there may be a subset of covariates which is…

摘要暂缺

利用病例对照数据拟合前瞻性回归模型AI 解读

We consider fitting prospective regression models to data obtained by case-control or response selective sampling from a finite population with known population totals in each response category. Maximum likelihood estimation is developed and compared with two pseudo-likelihood approaches. The relative efficiencies of the methods are explored in the special case of estimating the parameters of the proportional odds model for ordinal responses. For such applications the method…

摘要暂缺

病例对照研究中的假设检验AI 解读

Prentice & Pyke (1979) have shown that valid estimators of the odds-ratio parameters in a logistic regression model may be obtained from case-control data by fitting the model as if the data had been obtained in a prospective study. The resulting estimates of standard errors are also valid asymptotically. We extend the Prentice-Pyke result to likelihood ratio tests obtained from fitting a prospective model. These tests are asymptotically exact if the hypothesis involves only…

病例对照研究中的假设检验AI 解读

SUMMARY Prentice & Pyke (1979) have shown that valid estimators of the odds-ratio parameters in a logistic regression model may be obtained from case-control data by fitting the model as if the data had been obtained in a prospective study. The resulting estimates of standard errors are also valid asymptotically. We extend the Prentice-Pyke result to likelihood ratio tests obtained from fitting a prospective model. These tests are asymptotically exact if the hypothesis…

病例—对照或选择依赖抽样下的 Logistic 模型拟合AI 解读

SUMMARY There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in fitting logistic and log-linear models to tables of population counts estimated from survey data. Since maximum likelihood methods are not available in general for complex survey designs, most work has concentrated on adapting standard methods developed for multinomial sampling. Maximum likelihood methods have been developed for some special designs, however, and we might expect ad hoc methods to be less…

配对观测下的方差估计AI 解读

We wish to estimate the variance σ 2 from n pairs ( X i ,Y i ) which are independent normal random variables with unknown mean μ i and variance σ 2 . According to a marginal or conditional sufficiency argument, all useful information about σ 2 is contained in the differences X i − Y i . This paper shows that under fairly weak assumptions about the means, a considerable amount of information is also extractable from the sums X i + Y i .

配对观测的方差估计AI 解读

We wish to estimate the variance σ 2 from n pairs ( X i ,Y i ) which are independent normal random variables with unknown mean μ i and variance σ 2 . According to a marginal or conditional sufficiency argument, all useful information about σ 2 is contained in the differences X i − Y i . This paper shows that under fairly weak assumptions about the means, a considerable amount of information is also extractable from the sums X i + Y i .