Conditional risk and performance evaluation: Volatility timing, overconditioning, and new estimates of momentum alphas
条件风险与绩效评估:波动率择时、过度条件化及动量策略阿尔法的新估计
Unconditional alphas are biased when conditional beta covaries with the market risk premium (market timing) or volatility (volatility timing). We demonstrate an additional bias (overconditioning) that can occur any time an empiricist estimates risk using information, such as a realized beta, that is not available to investors ex ante. Calibrating to U.S. equity returns, volatility timing and overconditioning can plausibly impact alphas more than market timing, which has been…