本页提供题录、可核实摘要与阅读线索。AI 解读未完成全文核验，可能有误；具体假设、证明和结论请核对原文。仅依据书目生成的内容属于阅读导航，不是对论文结论的确认。
摘要保留来源文本，未经模型改写。材料不足时保留待解读状态；引用采用 OpenAlex 单条关联记录，不合计版本，缺失不视为零，也不代表论文质量。
正在核对对应版本的资源…
This paper proposes a bias‐adjusted version of Breusch and Pagan (1980) Lagrange multiplier (LM) test statistic of error cross‐section independence, in the case of panel models with strictly exogenous regressors and normal errors. The exact mean and variance of the test indicator of the LM test statistic are provided for the purpose of the bias‐adjustments. It is shown that the centring of the LM statistic is correct for fixed T and N. Importantly, the proposed bias‐adjusted LM test is consistent even when the Pesaran's (2004) CD test is inconsistent. Also an alternative bias‐adjusted LM test, which is consistent under local error cross‐section dependence of any fixed order p, is proposed. The finite sample behaviour of the proposed tests is investigated and compared to that of the LM and CD tests. It is shown that the bias‐adjusted LM tests successfully control the size, maintaining satisfactory power in panel with exogenous regressors and normal errors. However, it is also shown that the bias‐adjusted LM test is not as robust as the CD test to non‐normal errors and/or in the presence of weakly exogenous regressors.