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Traditional machine learning relies on explicit models and domain assumptions, often limiting flexibility and interpretability. We introduce a "model-free" framework of instance-based learning using surprisal (information theoretic uncertainty) to directly analyze and perform inferences from raw data, eliminating distribution modeling, reducing bias, and enabling efficient updates including direct edits and deletion of training data. By quantifying relevance through…

This paper presents a causal decision framework for list-price elasticities in intermediated retail channels, where estimates are confounded by promotions, competitor moves and shopkeeper pass-through. Rather than forcing a number when the evidence is ambiguous, the system treats abstention (Wait) as an active diagnostic output. Built on Double Machine Learning and conformal prediction, it evaluates whether conditions exist to act on a recommended price or whether…

大规模需求估计的贝叶斯机器学习方法AI 解读

This work studies how Bayesian machine learning methods can be used for large-scale demand estimation with many product categories. I compare two model classes, a latent factorization model and a mixed logit model and two Bayesian estimation approaches, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Variational Inference (VI). The analysis combines a simulation study with an application to supermarket scanner data. The results show that the latent factorization model benefits from…

Causal inference in continuous-time sequential decision problems is challenged by hidden confounding and partially observed states. We show that, under explicit structural assumptions, observability of the latent state enables identification of dynamic treatment effects through a continuous-time conditional front-door adjustment, even in the presence of hidden confounding. We derive a general adjustment formula and show that it reduces to a tractable state-space formula when…

组合取胜：用于分布外预测的模型平均AI 解读

Travel behaviour modellers have an increasingly diverse set of models at their disposal, ranging from traditional econometric structures to models from mathematical psychology and data-driven approaches from machine learning. A key question arises as to how well these different models perform in forecasting, especially when considering trips of different characteristics from those used in estimation, i.e. out-of-distribution prediction, and whether better predictions can be…

玻利维亚犯罪与暴力治理政策组合的路径依赖主体微观模拟AI 解读

This study develops a survey-calibrated, path-dependent agent-based microsimulation for evaluating crime and violence reduction policies in Bolivia. A synthetic population is constructed from the 2025 Household Survey and the fourth-quarter 2025 Continuous Employment Survey using official expansion weights and cross-survey donor matching. The model combines heterogeneous agents, place-based risk, criminal adaptation, institutional capacity, community organization, and…

非线性政治面板中的预测必要性与因果发现：民主化的反馈和动态AI 解读

A non-significant coefficient in a dynamic panel model need not imply the absence of a relationship. It may instead reflect heterogeneous effects averaged toward zero, reciprocal dynamics overlooked by a recursive specification, or relationships masked by the omission of correlated covariates. Standard linear estimators cannot distinguish among these possibilities. We develop an inferential workflow for political panel data that resolves this ambiguity by combining flexible…

观察性时间序列动态因果效应的半参数推断AI 解读

In observational time series, statistical inference for dynamic causal effects of a one-time intervention across horizons is complicated by high-dimensional observed pre-treatment information, unmeasured confounding, and serial dependence. To address these challenges, we develop a semiparametric framework for inference from a single serially dependent time series, integrating debiased machine learning with instrumental variables through buffered block cross-fitting. Under…

作为经济结构相似性指标的余弦度量AI 解读

Structural similarity, the extent to which economic mechanisms respond alike to common shocks, matters for economic forecasting, policy transfer, and other decisions that rely on evidence from comparable settings. For mechanisms approximated by linear models, this idea has a simple geometric representation: The smaller the angle between their coefficient vectors, the more similarly they respond to the same shock. This paper introduces the cosine of this angle as a measure of…

多变量纵向数据的向量藤 Copula 模型AI 解读

Multivariate longitudinal data may exhibit non-Gaussian margins, nonlinear dynamics, and response vectors with composition that varies across waves. To account for these features, we introduce a vector drawable vine (VD-vine) copula that extends conventional drawable vine copulas from scalar to vector-valued nodes. Here, the response vector at each wave forms a multivariate marginal, and serial dependence is captured through a sequence of linking vector copulas. We establish…

动态空间贝叶斯机器学习：美国代际流动与地理收入不平等应用AI 解读

We develop a Dynamic Spatial Panel Bayesian Additive Regression Trees model with Horseshoe shrinkage (DSP-BART-HS) for high-dimensional spatio-temporal panel data. We jointly evaluate the model against a comprehensive suite of structural spatial econometrics, non-parametric machine learning methods, and small-area estimators across nine data-generating scenarios spanning 200 replicates each, including irregular spatial topologies, dense policy effects, and non-linear…

具有分组边效应的降秩网络自回归AI 解读

We propose the Edge-Grouped Reduced-Rank Network Autoregressive model (Edge-Grouped RRNAR) for multivariate time series observed over a network. The model allows transmission effects to vary across prespecified and economically interpretable groups of edges, while using a low-rank structure to capture cross-variable dynamics. This structure separates where network transmission occurs from which variables transmit and respond. We develop a topology-aware and block-specific…

从控制到处理：超越已观测面板的因果预测AI 解读

Conventional panel data methods recover retrospective counterfactuals within the observed horizon. Many policy decisions, however, are prospective: how would an untreated unit evolve beyond the observed panel under an intervention it has not previously experienced? We develop a causal forecasting framework that combines the counterfactual logic of synthetic controls with multivariate time-series extrapolation. Under a latent factor model, we impose low-rank structure on the…

相关分类结果的多变量多项Logit模型与ANOVA分解AI 解读

In medical research, patients often have multiple interdependent outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and pain among trauma survivors. Most existing research uses multinomial regression to analyze these interdependent outcomes separately, which ignores correlations between concurrent conditions. This omission may lead to loss of information and reduced predictive accuracy. Accounting for correlations between multiple categorical outcomes…

稀疏市场—产品冲击下的离散选择需求模型估计AI 解读

When credible instruments are scarce or estimates hinge on instrument choice, an alternative to the leading Berry--Levinsohn--Pakes (BLP) approach to demand estimation with aggregate data can be useful. We propose a Bayesian random-coefficients discrete-choice demand estimator that jointly recovers preference parameters and market--product demand shocks under a sparsity restriction, without requiring instrumental variables. Shrinkage priors select a sparse set of active…

用于离散选择估计的表格基础模型AI 解读

Tabular foundation models (TFMs) generate predictions on structured data via in-context learning, without task-specific estimation. We ask whether TFMs can be effectively applied to discrete choice, a central demand estimation framework in marketing and operations, and find that directly applying TFMs yields limited performance. The gap is structural: TFMs assume row-independent observations, whereas discrete choice is inherently set-valued and subject to persistent consumer…

面向分布型数据的动态Fréchet回归与特征选择AI 解读

Many scientific and engineering applications generate responses that are not scalars or vectors, but statistical objects whose form evolves over an ordered index such as time, depth. Probability distributions are a prominent example, capturing variability and uncertainty that cannot be summarized by low-dimensional statistics. When such responses are observed sequentially, the resulting dynamic distributional trajectories pose significant challenges for regression,…

斯大林是否必要？苏联经济增长的反事实证据AI 解读

This article evaluates whether the exceptionally rapid growth of the Russian and Soviet economy after 1928 requires a specifically Stalinist explanation. The analysis treats this historical question as a sequence of increasingly demanding counterfactual comparisons rather than a binary comparison between observed growth and a single alternative. Long run output series from the Global Macro Database and the Maddison Project are combined with synthetic control, augmented…

因子增强的机器学习面板回归AI 解读

This paper develops the asymptotic theory for high-dimensional panel data regressions in settings with cross-sectionally dependent errors driven by common shocks. We consider a factor-augmented sparse-group LASSO estimator that combines MIDAS aggregation with latent factors. The estimator can take advantage of the mixed-frequency group structure in the time-series dimension. Theory shows that it can outperform the standard LASSO estimator both for prediction and estimation…

数字孪生的相似性预测：面板数据、理论与应用AI 解读

Prediction from sequential panel data is central to digital-twin modeling, where new panels arrive over time and the predictive system is updated sequentially. Existing methods often rely on temporal proximity, which can fail when similar input-output patterns recur at nonadjacent times or when recent panels differ from the target panel. We propose State-Local Prediction (StaLoP), a nonparametric dynamic panel prediction framework that utilizes information through…

随机效应的个体化收缩估计AI 解读

This paper develops an approach to random effects estimation and individual-level forecasting in micropanels that targets individual accuracy rather than aggregate performance. The conventional shrinkage methods used in the literature, such as the James-Stein estimator and Empirical Bayes, target aggregate performance and can lead to inaccurate decisions at the individual level. We propose a class of shrinkage estimators with individual weights (IW) that leverage an…

气候分析中含隐藏动态过程的一般因果结构学习AI 解读

Understanding climate dynamics requires going beyond correlations in observational data to uncover the underlying causal process. Latent drivers such as atmospheric processes play a central role in temporal dynamics, while direct causal influences also exist among geographically proximate observed variables. Traditional Causal Representation Learning (CRL) typically focuses on latent factors but overlooks such observable-to-observable causal relations, which limits its…

谐波合成控制方法AI 解读

Synthetic control methods can produce misleading counterfactual predictions when outcome series contain unit-specific stochastic trends, a common feature of nonstationary macroeconomic data. Existing remedies, such as pre-filtering or differencing, reduce spurious matching but may discard shared nonstationary variation that helps estimate donor weights. We propose Harmonic Synthetic Control (HSC), which replaces this binary choice with a soft allocation mechanism. HSC…

SAGA：结合自适应时间共形预测的多期限概率预测架构AI 解读

Microsimulation models used by ministries of finance and central banks rely on parametric processes for lifetime earnings that capture only first and second moments of the conditional distribution and miss long-range nonlinear structure. We propose SAGA, a decoder-only transformer for irregular tabular panel sequences, paired with a split conformal calibration wrapper that delivers individual-level prediction intervals with finite-sample marginal coverage guarantees. Trained…