Optimal Causal Annotations: An Application to Casenotes in Social Services
最优因果标注：社会服务个案记录的应用
Problem definition: Estimating causal effects of interventions is central to policy and operations, but outcome data are often missing or costly to obtain. LLMs can provide text annotation at scale but may be subject to unknown bias. When ground-truth outcomes require expensive expert labeling or follow-up, budget limits typically allow only a fraction of the data to be labeled. Motivated by collaboration with a nonprofit conducting street outreach in homelessness services,…