Triangulating Instrumental Variable, confounder adjustment and Difference-in-Difference methods for comparative effectiveness research in observational data
观察性比较效果研究中的工具变量、混杂调整与双重差分三角验证
Observational studies can play a useful role in assessing the comparative effectiveness of competing treatments. In a clinical trial the randomization of participants to treatment and control groups generally results in well-balanced groups with respect to possible confounders, which makes the analysis straightforward. However, when analysing observational data, the potential for unmeasured confounding makes comparing treatment effects much more challenging. Causal inference…