Causal exposure-response curve estimation with surrogate confounders: a study of air pollution and children's health in Medicaid claims data
利用混杂因素替代变量估计因果暴露反应曲线：空气污染与儿童健康
In this paper, we undertake a case study to estimate a causal exposure-response function (ERF) for long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM$_{2.5}$) and respiratory hospitalizations in socioeconomically disadvantaged children using nationwide Medicaid claims data. These data present specific challenges. First, family income-based Medicaid eligibility criteria for children differ by state, creating socioeconomically distinct populations and leading to clustered data.…