Non-Existent Outcomes in Research on Inequality: A Causal Approach
不平等研究中不存在的结果:一种因果方法
Scholars of social stratification often study exposures that shape life outcomes. But some outcomes (such as wage) only exist for some people (such as those who are employed). We show how a common practice -- dropping cases with non-existent outcomes -- can obscure causal effects when a treatment affects both outcome existence and outcome values. The effects of both beneficial and harmful treatments can be underestimated. Drawing on existing approaches for principal…